The best seasons for the Upper Mustang Trek are spring and autumn. These seasons have the best weather and climatic conditions. Take a look at the brief of each season:

Autumn (September to November)

Autumn is one of the most suitable times for trekking in Nepal. The weather is clear and consistent, with warm temperatures ranging from 12°C to 20°C during the day and from -8°C to -4°C at night. The skies are clear, hence you can get excellent views of the mountains and minimal rain. The lower areas have autumn leaves decorating the trekking routes even more beautifully. Since more people trek in autumn, so it is wise to reserve your accommodation and transportation in advance.

Spring (March to May)

Spring is another great time for the Upper Mustang Trek. The weather is pleasant, with daytime temperatures between 16°C and 22°C, and nights just a little chilly, sometimes dipping below zero. The trails come to life with colorful blooms and active wildlife, making the journey feel fresh and full of energy. Plus, if you trek in May, you might catch the Tiji Festival in Lo Manthang. This festival lasts three days, featuring masked dances, ancient rituals, and a festive atmosphere. It’s a rare chance not just to see Upper Mustang, but feel its culture come alive. Nature’s at its best, locals are celebrating, and you’re right in the heart of it all.

Summer (April to June)

While most of Nepal receives heavy rainfall during the monsoon, Upper Mustang remains mostly dry, thanks to its location in the rain shadow of the Himalayas. So, while the lower trails in Nepal are often muddy and humid, this region remains a reliable escape, offering clearer skies and drier paths. Daytime temperatures range from 16°C to 25°C, and nights can dip to around -3°C to 0°C, making it quite comfortable for high-altitude trekking. The rainfall that reaches lower regions brings lush greenery and cleaner air, giving the surrounding hills a fresh, vibrant appearance as you travel north.

If you’re looking to avoid crowds and still enjoy dramatic desert landscapes, summer is actually one of the best times to trek in Upper Mustang. You get the best of both worlds, monsoon-cleansed views below and dry, dramatic terrain above.

Winter (December to February)

Winter in Upper Mustang brings extreme cold, heavy snow, and limited services. Most locals leave Lo Manthang for lower altitudes, and many lodges close during this time. As a result, we do not recommend trekking to Upper Mustang in winter.

The standard accommodations generally available along the trekking routes of Nepal, including the Upper Mustang, are the tea houses. A tea house is a lodge that offers accommodation and meal facilities. Likewise, it provides a place for trekkers to socialize. Locals run the tea houses, and you can experience their warm hospitality in the services they offer. Tea houses may be basic in facilities, but are the ultimate way to experience mountain hospitality.

The tea houses usually have shared rooms or dormitories. These rooms have beds and mattresses with limited furniture. There are blankets and pillows, but the rooms lack heating facilities, so it is advisable to bring a sleeping bag. Likewise, the bathrooms are mostly communal, with either squat-style or Western-style toilet seats. It is rare to find single rooms with attached bathrooms at these tea houses. During peak season, you may have to share rooms with other trekkers.

Similarly, tead houses have communal dining spaces with massive stoves in the middle for heating. Due to their rural location, most tea houses lack electricity, and the lights are powered by solar energy. As a result, you may have to pay additional fees to charge your electronic devices. These tea houses may offer WiFi or internet facilities, but the connectivity is rather poor. It is unsuitable for heavy data-intensive work. You will also have to pay additional fees for the Internet.

These accommodations also provide meals;  you can try local cuisines, such as stews, dal bhat, and enjoy drinks like Tibetan tea. They also provide boiled or filtered water for an extra charge. These tea houses are the window to the local culture and traditions. They reflect the local culture of the region. The tea houses in the lower Mustang region reflect hilly Nepalese culture, while those in the Upper Mustang region have heavy Tibetan cultural influence. It offers a glimpse of the local customs and lifestyle.

Upper Mustang is a demanding, high-altitude trek. It requires good health and fitness to conquer the challenging trails. Although prior trekking experience is not necessary, having one helps. The trek is suitable for both beginners and seasoned trekkers, but they must prepare both physically and mentally for the journey.

During the Upper Mustang Trek, you will trek from subtropical, verdant landscapes to desert-like arid landscapes. The winding routes have rough and rugged terrains. As you ascend to higher elevations, the trails become dusty and steeper, and you will mostly trek on loose gravel. Moreover, the average trekking time is 6 hours, which makes the journey physically demanding. The maximum altitude of the Upper Mustang Trek is 4,280 meters. Hence, there is also the risk of altitude-related sickness.

Another factor that makes the trek difficult is the unpredictable weather conditions. Despite the season, they change rapidly at higher elevations. Strong winds are common at the main trekking routes to the Upper Mustang in the afternoon. The temperature also drops significantly at night and in the mornings. There is also a lack of infrastructure along the trekking route. Many trekkers feel mentally stressed due to the changing environment, lack of connectivity, and unfamiliarity. In addition to the physical challenge, the trek can mentally drain you. You can complete the Upper Mustang Trek successfully with proper preparation, the right gear, and adherence to the safety guidelines.

Altitude sickness is common among trekkers ascending to altitudes above 2,500 meters. The reason for this is the thinning of the atmosphere’s air. The oxygen level and air pressure in the atmosphere decrease as altitude increases. The lack of oxygen supply can result in various symptoms of altitude sickness. These symptoms can vary from person to person, and based on them, there are three forms of altitude sickness:

Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS): It is the mildest form of altitude sickness. AMS is common among trekkers (over 25%) who rapidly ascend to higher altitudes. You can cure AMS by descending to lower altitudes or taking simple medications like Diamox. Its symptoms include nausea, headache, dizziness, swelling, insomnia, loss of appetite, and difficulty breathing.

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE): It is a more severe form of altitude sickness. HAPE occurs when the body’s lack of oxygen causes fluid to accumulate in the lungs. The symptoms include fatigue, chest tightness or pain, shortness of breath, persistent dry cough, and blue or gray fingertips. These symptoms usually develop within the first two to four days of ascending to a higher altitude. It can quickly turn fatal, so immediate medical assistance is necessary.

High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE): It is another severe form of altitude sickness. HACE occurs due to the lack of oxygen in the body, which leads to fluid accumulating in the brain. It is a progressive form of AMS and very dangerous. The symptoms include severe headache, nausea, disorientation, lack of coordination, and changes in behaviour. That being said, immediate medical assistance is crucial, and the patient must quickly descend to a lower altitude.

Remedies for AMS

There are several ways you can avoid or minimize the risk of altitude sickness. They are as follows:

• The best way to avoid altitude-related sickness is to gradually ascend to higher elevation areas. It helps your body get used to the changing surroundings and altitude.
• Take adequate rest or acclimatization days in between while climbing to higher elevations. Schedule the rest days at 3,000 meters and above 4,200 meters for the best result.
• Keep yourself well-hydrated throughout the trek. Drink at least 2 to 4 liters of water. You can also add electrolyte tablets or sports drinks to hydrate your body.
• Eat a healthy and nutritious diet. As you will have to climb physically demanding uphill and downhill trails, it is best to eat a high-carb and protein-rich diet for energy.
• Follow the rule of sleeping low and climbing high. It is always best to descend to lower elevations to sleep at night.
• During a high-altitude trek, it is best to avoid excessive intake of caffeine, alcohol, and smoking tobacco.

Hiring a porter is not mandatory for the Upper Mustang Trek, but we highly recommend it. Trekking to Upper Mustang is a physically and mentally demanding journey. Climbing uphill and downhill on varied terrain with a heavy backpack further adds physical strain on trekkers. It can also be hazardous, as trekkers may lose their footing and slip on rocky terrain, resulting in accidents and injuries. Therefore, hiring a porter relieves you from the physical strain of carrying heavy luggage.

Porters help provide logistical assistance during the Upper Mustang Trek. They carry all your essential trekking gear and can provide vital assistance and support in emergencies. The weight limit for a porter is 18 to 20 kg. Usually, a single porter carries the luggage of two trekkers. Further, most porters are locals from the region, so they possess a deep knowledge of the area. They can navigate the trails while providing insights into the local history, culture, and customs. Additionally, you will also be contributing to the local economy by hiring a porter. You will be providing them with employment and a source of income. The cost of hiring a porter can vary from USD 25 to USD 30 per day. This cost covers their insurance, accommodations, meals, and equipment.

To sum up, although hiring a porter is not mandatory, you should consider doing so. Hiring a porter for the trek allows you to enjoy the journey without carrying your baggage. They also help to avoid physical strain and overexertion. Leave the heavy lifting to them and just focus on enjoying the trek.

You will find small local eateries along the route to Upper Mustang. The teahouses and lodges also provide healthy meals. Since you will be trekking for 5 to 6 hours a day, you will need nutritious food to keep your body energized. Most ingredients used for cooking are locally sourced. You will mostly find staple Nepalese cuisines on the menu, but you can also find international dishes.

Similarly, you don’t have to worry about finding safe drinking water during the journey. You can buy bottled water and also get boiled or filtered water. It is best to carry your thermal bottle and refill it as needed. You can also bring snacks or energy bars for quick bites during the trek.

Here are a few meal options you can find while on the Upper Mustang Trek:

Breakfast

Eggs, oatmeal, cornflakes, Tibetan bread, toast, jam, butter, cheese, porridge, muesli, chapati, fruits, vegetables, and drinks (teas, coffees, hot chocolates, etc).

Lunch

Daal Bhat, curries, Tibetan bread, chapati, Sherpa stew, momo (dumplings), pasta, spaghetti, Tenduk, thukpa, chowmein, french fries, salad, pizza, burger, steak, sandwiches, noodles, desserts (rice pudding, pies, etc), and drinks (teas, coffees, hot chocolates, juice, soft drinks, etc).

Dinner

Daal Bhat, Tibetan bread, chapati, soups, steaks, momo (dumplings), Sherpa stew, pasta, spaghetti, Tenduk, thukpa, chowmein, french fries, salad, pizza, burger, steak, sandwiches, noodles, desserts (rice pudding, pies, etc.), and drinks (teas, coffees, hot chocolates, juice, soft drinks, and alcoholic beverages).

Note: The package covers three meals during the trek, except in Pokhara and Kathmandu. All drinks, except standard meals, are the trekker’s personal expense. If you have any dietary restrictions, let us know when booking, and we will make the arrangements accordingly.

Tucked away in the Himalayas, Upper Mustang is a remote treasure that promises a one-of-a-kind and unforgettable trekking adventure. Here’s why to choose Upper Mustang Trek:

Traditional Tibetan Buddhist Culture

Lo Manthang, the ancient capital of Upper Mustang, lies close to the Tibetan border. Hence, Tibetan Buddhism has had a massive influence on the region. As the area was secluded from the outside world for hundreds of years, it has one of the most well-preserved heritages. So, you can see the influence of Tibetan Buddhism on these heritages on this trek.

En route to Upper Mustang, you will also encounter several ancient monasteries, gompas, chortens, mani walls, and vibrant prayer flags. The serene atmosphere and the ancient heritage will allow you a spiritual encounter. There is no better way to experience and observe traditional Tibetan Buddhist culture than through the Upper Mustang Trek.

Off the Beaten Adventurous Path

The trekking trails of Upper Mustang go through remote and lesser-known areas of the Annapurna region. Its off-the-beaten-path, dusty, and twisting trails are full of scenic beauty. They are challenging but, at the same time, adventurous.

The trails take you through traditional settlements, unique rock formations, ancient caves, monasteries, and more, all the way to Lo Manthang. Compared to the other popular and commercialized trek routes of the Annapurna region, the trails are less traveled and quieter. Hence, trekkers can enjoy a serene atmosphere while enjoying the spectacular scenery.

Dhaulagiri and Annapurna Range Views

Upper Mustang region provides an excellent opportunity to witness and capture stunning mountain panoramas of the Annapurna region, contrasting the clear blue skies. You can enjoy the view of the snow-covered mountain panoramas of Mount Annapurna I, Annapurna II, Annapurna IV, Dhaulagiri, Lamjung Himal, Nilgiri, Thorung Peak, Chulu West, Chulu East, and Tukuche Peak.

Furthermore, the hilltop from places like Kagbeni and Lo Manthang offers wider, crystal-clear sights of these panoramas. With these mountain vistas in the background, you can also witness gorgeous sunrises and sunsets. It makes for brilliant photography moments.

Arid or Rain Shadow Area

The Upper Mustang is located in a rain shadow area of Nepal, meaning this region gets no to very little rain throughout the year. Because of this, the landscapes here are dry and dusty, similar to a desert. The hills are naked here. You can see rugged cliffs and eroded canyons while trekking.

These cliffs and red-brown canyons provide lovely contrast views of the snowy mountains nearby. There isn’t much greenery here compared to other trekking routes in the hilly regions. Therefore, hiking on these trans-Himalayan caravan trails is a truly special experience.

Upper Mustang was an independent kingdom with a close relationship to Tibet. Ame Pal founded the kingdom of Lo in 1380. He built the walled city of Lo Manthang as the capital of Upper Mustang. From the 15th to 17th centuries, it was used for trade between Tibet and India. According to historical records, during the Sino-Nepalese War, Lo Manthang supported Tibet and the Qing Empire.

Mustang used to serve as the trading route between Tibet and Nepal. The route was used to import rock salt, wool, powdered gold, yaks, and horses. After Nepal started importing iodized salt from India, the trade route gradually became less used. In the 18th century, Nepal annexed Mustang, becoming part of the country in 1795. However, it remained an independent region. It was only in the 1950s that Lo Manthang became a part of Nepal.

Meanwhile, Tibet became part of China in 1950. The Tibetan administration was against this consolidation and deemed it a Chinese invasion. Upper Mustang became a hiding base for the CIA and Tibetan Khampa fighters. The war continued until the 1970s, and the region was closed to outsiders. Lo Manthang finally opened its doors to travelers in 1992. Due to its isolated status, it remained one of the world’s most well-preserved regions. Hence, Lo Manthang was labeled “The Last Forbidden Kingdom.”

The age-old Lo Manthang Palace dates back to 1442 and has five stories. There are several monasteries within the walled city. Similarly, there are around 10,000 mysterious sky caves dug into the mountain cliffs. Thousands of artifacts and even mummified human bodies were discovered in these caves. Even now, the region remains a restricted area as it lies close to Tibet. So, you need a special permit to access the region.

Upper Mustang lies close to the Tibetan border, so it is a restricted area for security purposes. Another reason is to preserve its ancient cultural heritage and environment. The Last Forbidden Kingdom boasts one of the world’s most well-preserved heritages, featuring palaces, monasteries, caves, and artifacts. The restricted area begins after Kagbeni.

All trekkers must obtain a Restricted Area Permit (RAP) for the Upper Mustang Trek. There are several checkpoints where you must present your trek permits. Aside from the restricted area permit, you will also need an ACAP (Annapurna Conservation Area Project Permit).

Restricted Area Permit (RAP)

It is a special permit for entering the Upper Mustang. The permit costs USD 500 per person for the first ten days. After ten days, you must pay USD 50 per person per day. The Department of Immigration in Kathmandu distributes this permit.

Annapurna Conservation Area Project Permit (ACAP)

Upper Mustang lies within the Annapurna region. Hence, trekkers must obtain an Annapurna Conservation Area Project Permit (ACAP). The permit costs NPR 3000 per person for SAARC residents and NPR 1000 per person for non-SAARC residents. Children below the age of ten are eligible for free entry. Trekkers can obtain a permit in Kathmandu or Pokhara.

Clothing & Footwear

• Short and long-sleeved trekking shirts and t-shirts
• Thermal base layers (top and bottom)
• Windproof/ waterproof jackets
• Down/ fleece jacket and sweater
• Lightweight trekking pants
• Warm trousers
• Sun hats, beanies, gloves, and scarves
• Trekking socks
• Moisture-wicking inner garments
• Comfortable and sturdy trekking shoes
• Sandals or flip-flops
• Gaiters

Equipment & Gear

• Backpack (40 – 50 liters)
• Day rucksack
• Raincover and raincoat
• Adjustable trekking pole
• Water bottle
• Sleeping bag
• Flashlight or headlamp with extra batteries
• Adapters and chargers
• Toiletries

Miscellaneous

• First aid kit and personal medications
• Water purification tablets
• Smartphone, camera, and binoculars
• Books or journals
• Snacks and energy bars

If you have limited time but want to explore the Upper Mustang, you can take an alternate jeep tour. It is short, and you do not have to take the physically demanding trek. You will travel by jeep, which is a more comfortable and convenient mode of transportation. However, it does not make the trek less adventurous. You will ride on the bumpy and rugged landscape of Upper Mustang, which is a thrilling experience. Additionally, beginners, families with children, and elderly individuals can also enjoy this awesome experience.

Similarly, you will ride through the barren ridges, rocky cliffs, eroded canyons, and the world’s deepest gorge, the Kali Gandaki Valley. En route, you will traverse traditional settlements like Jomsom, Kagbeni, Chukksang, and more to reach Lo Manthang. You will get to explore the walled city and also witness its ancient heritages and snow-capped mountain vistas. Moreover, you can take side trips to the holy pilgrimage of Muktinath.

In short, the Upper Mustang Jeep Tour is an exciting overland trip that allows you to experience a true trans-Himalayan journey. There is no need to physically exert yourself when you can travel conveniently with a Jeep Tour!